A HANDBOOK ON BUDGETING
A Guide to the Due Process Approach

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Women, Marginalisation & Politics in Nigeria, edited by Jibrin Ibrahim & Amina Salihu

Co-published by Global Rights, Centre for Democracy & Development (CDD), and Open Society Initiative for West Africa (OSIWA)

ISBN: 978-2415-03-0

That Women are presently discriminated against and largely marginalised in many fields, especially in politics, is a known fact. Also recognised as a matter of good economics and governance, is the need to align the energies, expectations and aspirations of women to national ideals. To buttress this point, the experiences of fifteen women politicians during the 2003 political primaries were documented between March and October 2003. The profiled women include incumbents, activists and professionals; others are leaders and women of political and economic influence.

This is an edited volume of narratives profiling the fifteen Women Political Aspirants in Nigeria whose stories contain challenging but inspiring messages. The book also contains a comprehensive report of civil society advocacy efforts at promoting the participation of women in politics. Other outputs within this initiative include a documentary version narratives, which would be diffused through the media of video and television, a Policy Brief and a 2004 calendar highlighting the profiled women politicians.

Round Table Dialogue with Government Budgetary Agencies and Civil Society in Nigeria -Summary Report

In collaboration with the Office of the Special Assistant to the President on budget Matters, © CDD, 2003

Edited by Amina Salihu

The Centre for Democracy & Development (CDD), based on its desire to promote knowledge and understanding of the budgeting process in the Federation and its concern for pro-poor budgeting from a gender perspective, organised a budget knowledge seminar, which aimed at creating linkages between Government and Civil society. The Seminar was held at the NICON Hilton Hotel Abuja on 27 and 28 February 2003. Day One featured an analysis of budgets in Nigeria from a gender perspective, and saw the presentation of three papers: Theoretical and Methodical Issues in Budget; Sectoral Analysis of Budgeting in Nigeria: Budget Research and Analysis from a Gender Perspective; and Disconnections in Budgeting Information. Day two dealt on providing budget knowledge for civil society like the previous day, it had a component of presentation and discussions, in two sessions, the first session dwelt on concepts and processes of budgeting in Nigeria through a dialogue between government officials and civil society while the second session dwelt on a plan of action with civil society and the specific role for CDD.

The objectives of the seminar were to:
Identify gaps in research, training and advocacy on budget and budgeting from a gender perspective.
Gain access to knowledge and understanding of the budgeting process in Nigeria.
Create data and advocacy links between government establishments responsible for budgets and civil society organisations.

The proceedings of the seminar are summarised in this 28-page A4 publication.

Education in Nigeria through a Gender Lens

CDD issue Brief to a Joint House of Representatives Committe (Appropriations, Education and Women Affairs & Youth Development) Public Hearing On Education in Nigeria.)© CDD, 2003

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Access to education is both a basic one (one which is necessary for the fulfilment of an individual’s personhood) and also a strategic need (that which yields access to other opportunities such as health, employment and political awareness). For a developing nation such as Nigeria, there is therefore no gainsaying the fact that access to quality education by all, regardless of class or sex, is a critical element in development. To guarantee this, planning will need to ensure a gender redistributive perspective to budgeting, which is participatory, pro-poor and can be judged by the content of social action and economic programmes. As such, designing and implementing gender sensitive budgets means that the capacity of not only women, but also families, communities and consequently that of the nation will be enhanced.

This issue brief is a synthesis of research findings on policy and budgetary issues on education in Nigeria from 1995 to 2002, and it is extracted from a full technical report. The brief also addresses general gaps such as the problems of implementation and monitoring in the budgetary process. In addition, it makes policy and budgetary recommendations that we hope will guide the emergence of equal access to educational development for the male and female gender, beyond the public hearing.

Gender-Aware Analysis of the Federal Budgets in Nigeria (1995-2002)

Focus on the Education and Agriculture Sectors
by Bola Akanji, Zwaku Bonat and Amina Salihu, © CDD, 2003 

This report is based on policy appraisal and budgetary analysis of education in Nigeria, over a period of 8 years from 1995-2002, conducted by the Centre for Democracy & Development. It is structured into methodology, policy, and budgetary appraisal, findings, and recommendations. Two tools of analysis – gender-aware policy appraisal and gender-aware budget statements are employed. The results have been presented at a public hearing on gender analysis of education in Nigeria (See: Communiqué from Public Hearing on Gender Perspective to Budgeting: Focus on Education, Abuja, 29 and 30 October 2003). 

The rational behind the initiative included the following:

• That education is a fundamental block for an informed and aware society, an important part of which is women, often marginalised both in terms of access to education and resource allocation;

• that that policies and attendant resource allocation are most useful when they respond to a dynamic process, reflecting emerging realities, which can be better understood from research;

• that as such the federal government should reflect these realities with gender-sensitive policies and budget allocations by adequately addressing the needs of women, demonstrating an awareness of the disadvantaged position of women in society;

• and that such gender-sensitive budget allocations indirectly would benefit society at large through the work done by women as care givers, income earners, and community organisers, potentially benefiting not only women, but children, youth, men, and the elders.

The publication contains the following: List of Tables, List of Figures, List of Acronyms,, Acknowledgement, Foreword, Background, Executive Summary, The Technical Report (subdivided into: Introduction, Highlight of findings in the Education Sector, Policy Responses, and Emerging Advocacy Issues), Appendix with Kaduna Case Study, and Bibliography, a total of 80 pages.